Photoelectrochemical Transients for Chlorine/Hypochlorite Formation at "Roll-On" Nano-WO3 Film Electrodes
Identifieur interne : 000733 ( Main/Repository ); précédent : 000732; suivant : 000734Photoelectrochemical Transients for Chlorine/Hypochlorite Formation at "Roll-On" Nano-WO3 Film Electrodes
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Abstract
Commercial nano-WO3 (10-100 nm average particle size) is dispersed in n-hexanol and applied to tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) substrates in a simple "roll-on" process. As-deposited and annealed (500 °C) films are compared and shown to be photoactive for the formation of hypochlorite in neutral aqueous NaCl (e.g., seawater). Annealing at 500 °C in air improves photocurrents most likely due to improved interparticle charge transport (e.g., removal of hydration or n-hexanol surface layers). In phototransients (interpreted here in the limiting case of a weakly associated nanoparticle aggregate as opposed to the limiting case of a single-crystal semiconductor), evidence for the presence of both holes (as O(-I), fast moving) and electrons (as W(V), slow moving) is obtained in particular in as-deposited films. Bipotentiostat experiments reveal the presence of chlorine as a reaction intermediate close to the photoanode when immersed in 3 M NaCl. A "molecular conduit" effect with adsorbed Co(II/III) sepulchrate is observed to significantly enhance the photocurrents at as-deposited electrodes (but not at annealed electrodes).
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Photoelectrochemical Transients for Chlorine/Hypochlorite Formation at "Roll-On" Nano-WO<sub>3</sub> Film Electrodes</title><author><name sortKey="Ahmed, Safeer" uniqKey="Ahmed S">Safeer Ahmed</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Chemistry, University of Bath</s1><s2>Bath BA2 7AY</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Bath BA2 7AY</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University</s1><s2>45320 Islamabad</s2><s3>PAK</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Pakistan</country><wicri:noRegion>45320 Islamabad</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hassan, Ibrahim A I" uniqKey="Hassan I">Ibrahim A. I. Hassan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Chemistry, University of Bath</s1><s2>Bath BA2 7AY</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Bath BA2 7AY</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roy, Hayley" uniqKey="Roy H">Hayley Roy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Chemistry, University of Bath</s1><s2>Bath BA2 7AY</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Bath BA2 7AY</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marken, Frank" uniqKey="Marken F">Frank Marken</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Chemistry, University of Bath</s1><s2>Bath BA2 7AY</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:noRegion>Bath BA2 7AY</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="inist">13-0181438</idno><date when="2013">2013</date><idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 13-0181438 INIST</idno><idno type="RBID">Pascal:13-0181438</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000E03</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Repository">000733</idno></publicationStmt><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1932-7447</idno><title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. phys. chem., C</title><title level="j" type="main">Journal of physical chemistry. C</title></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Charge carrier mobility</term><term>Nanoparticle</term><term>Particle size</term><term>Photoelectrochemical effect</term><term>Tungsten oxide</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Effet photoélectrochimique</term><term>Mobilité porteur charge</term><term>Dimension particule</term><term>Oxyde de tungstène</term><term>Nanoparticule</term><term>WO3</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Commercial nano-WO<sub>3</sub> (10-100 nm average particle size) is dispersed in n-hexanol and applied to tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) substrates in a simple "roll-on" process. As-deposited and annealed (500 °C) films are compared and shown to be photoactive for the formation of hypochlorite in neutral aqueous NaCl (e.g., seawater). Annealing at 500 °C in air improves photocurrents most likely due to improved interparticle charge transport (e.g., removal of hydration or n-hexanol surface layers). In phototransients (interpreted here in the limiting case of a weakly associated nanoparticle aggregate as opposed to the limiting case of a single-crystal semiconductor), evidence for the presence of both holes (as O(-I), fast moving) and electrons (as W(V), slow moving) is obtained in particular in as-deposited films. Bipotentiostat experiments reveal the presence of chlorine as a reaction intermediate close to the photoanode when immersed in 3 M NaCl. A "molecular conduit" effect with adsorbed Co(II/III) sepulchrate is observed to significantly enhance the photocurrents at as-deposited electrodes (but not at annealed electrodes).</div></front></TEI><inist><standard h6="B"><pA><fA01 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>1932-7447</s0></fA01><fA03 i2="1"><s0>J. phys. chem., C</s0></fA03><fA05><s2>117</s2></fA05><fA06><s2>14</s2></fA06><fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>Photoelectrochemical Transients for Chlorine/Hypochlorite Formation at "Roll-On" Nano-WO<sub>3</sub> Film Electrodes</s1></fA08><fA11 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>AHMED (Safeer)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>HASSAN (Ibrahim A. I.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="03" i2="1"><s1>ROY (Hayley)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="04" i2="1"><s1>MARKEN (Frank)</s1></fA11><fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Chemistry, University of Bath</s1><s2>Bath BA2 7AY</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="02"><s1>Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University</s1><s2>45320 Islamabad</s2><s3>PAK</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA20><s1>7005-7012</s1></fA20><fA21><s1>2013</s1></fA21><fA23 i1="01"><s0>ENG</s0></fA23><fA43 i1="01"><s1>INIST</s1><s2>549C</s2><s5>354000173344190130</s5></fA43><fA44><s0>0000</s0><s1>© 2013 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.</s1></fA44><fA45><s0>40 ref.</s0></fA45><fA47 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>13-0181438</s0></fA47><fA60><s1>P</s1></fA60><fA61><s0>A</s0></fA61><fA64 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>Journal of physical chemistry. C</s0></fA64><fA66 i1="01"><s0>USA</s0></fA66><fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>Commercial nano-WO<sub>3</sub> (10-100 nm average particle size) is dispersed in n-hexanol and applied to tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) substrates in a simple "roll-on" process. As-deposited and annealed (500 °C) films are compared and shown to be photoactive for the formation of hypochlorite in neutral aqueous NaCl (e.g., seawater). Annealing at 500 °C in air improves photocurrents most likely due to improved interparticle charge transport (e.g., removal of hydration or n-hexanol surface layers). In phototransients (interpreted here in the limiting case of a weakly associated nanoparticle aggregate as opposed to the limiting case of a single-crystal semiconductor), evidence for the presence of both holes (as O(-I), fast moving) and electrons (as W(V), slow moving) is obtained in particular in as-deposited films. Bipotentiostat experiments reveal the presence of chlorine as a reaction intermediate close to the photoanode when immersed in 3 M NaCl. 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